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Properties of Refractory and Ceramic Materials
| Material | Melting Point | Limit of Application | Hardness Moh’s Scale | Density | Specific Heat (mean) 25 - 1,000 °C | Linear Coefficient of Expansion | Thermal Conductivity | Electrical Resistivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units | °C | °C | - | g/cm3 | J/kg °C | 25 -_800 °C x 106 / °C | @ °C W/m | @ °C ohm/cm |
| Alumina (Al 2 O3 ) | 2,050 | 1,950 | 9 | 3.96 | 1,050 | 8.0 | 4 @ 1,315 | 10 6 @ 1,100 |
| Beryllia (8eO) | 2,550 | 2,400 | 9 | 3.0 | 2,180 | 7.5 | 29 @ 1,000 | 4 x 10 8 @ 600 8 x 1012 @ 850 |
| Magnesia (MgO) | 2,850 | 2,400 | 6 | 63.60 | 1,170 | 13.5 | 59 @ 1,100 | 2 x 10 8 @850 |
| Thoria (ThO2 ) | 3,220 (approximately) | 2,700 | 7 | 9.5 - 9.9 | 290 | 9.5 | 3 @ 1,000 | 2.6 x 10 7 @550 1.5 x 10 4 @ 1,200 |
| Zironia (ZrO2) | 2,700 | 2,400 | 6.5 | 5.5 - 5.8 | 590 | 7.5 | 3 @ 1,315 | 10 6 @ 385 3.6 x 102 @ 1,200 |
| Zircon (ZrO2 SiO2 ) | 2,500 (approximately) | 1,870 | 7.5 | 4.5 - 4.7 | 630 | 4.5 | 4 @ 1,200 | High |
| Spinel (MgO Al 2O3 ) | 2,130 | 1,900 | 8 | 3.6 | 1,050 | 8.5 | 2 @ 1,315 | 2.8 x 107 @ 500 2.0 x 105 @ 110 |
| Mullite (3Al2 O3 2SiO2) | 1,850 | 1,800 | - | 2.8 | 840 | 5.0 | 4 @ 1,200 | 105 - 103 @ 815 - 1370 |
| Sillimanite (Al2O3 SiO2 ) | 1,800 (approximately) | 1,800 | 6.5 | 3.2 | 840 | 5.0 | 2 @ 1,300 | 104 - 105 @ 815 - 1,370 |
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 2,200 - 2,700 (decomposes) | 1,400 - 1,700 (oxidizes) | 9 | 3.2 | 840 | 4.5 | 13 @ 1,100 | 7420 - 745 @ 1,000 - 1,500 |
| Silicon Nitride (Si3 N4 ) | 1,900 (sublimes) | 1400 in air 1,850 in inert | 9 | 3.18 | 1,050 | æ = 2.9 ß = 2.3 | 9.5 @ 1,200 | 1013 @ 25 1010 @ 480 |
| Carbon Graphite (C) varies | 3,600 (sublimes) | - | 0.5 - 1.0 | 2.2 | 1,600 | 2.2 | 147 @ 50 63 @ 900 | 10 - 3 |
| Quartzite (SiO2 ) | 1,400 | 1,090 | 7 | 2.65 | 1,170 | 8.6 | 2.6 @ 1,200 | 1014 @ 20 5 x 103 @ 1,300 |
| Boron Carbide (B 4C) | 2,350 | 540 in air 2,260 in inert | 9.3 | 2.5 | 2,090 | 5.7 | 17.3 @ 800 | - |
| Boron Nitride (BN) | 2,721 | 650 (oxidizes) | 2 | 2.1 | 1,570 | 7.5 //0.77 -l | 26 @ 900 | 1.7 x 10 13 @ 25 // 2.3 x 10 10@ 480 // |
| Titanium Carbide (TiC) | 3,140 | 1,500 (oxidizes) | 9 - 10 | 6.5 | 1,050 | 6.9 | 40 @ 1,100 | - |
| Tungsten Carbide | 2,780 | - | 9 - 10 | 14.3 | 300 | 6.3 | 43.3 @ 1,100 | - |
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